> To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true. Markdown copy this link - https://philosophynow.org/issues/116/Aristotles_Philosophy_of_Equality_Peace_and_Democracy Aristotle & [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] https://partiallyexaminedlife.com/2013/10/15/aristotle-v-nietzsche-on-human-nature-and-what-this-means-for-new-work/ [[teleology]] ### The concept of "delayed gratification" ##### Finding fulfillment through tasks or actions that require effort or sacrifice. Psychologically, this can be explained by the sense of accomplishment and pride that comes from overcoming challenges or fulfilling responsibilities. Philosophers like Aristotle emphasised the importance of virtuous actions leading to **[[eudaimonia]]**, or flourishing. Modern psychologists like [[Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi]] explore the concept of flow, where individuals experience deep engagement and satisfaction while fully immersing themselves in challenging activities. Additionally, positive psychologists like Martin Seligman focus on strengths and virtues, encouraging individuals to leverage their strengths to lead more fulfilling lives. By embracing tasks that may initially seem undesirable but ultimately lead to growth or contribute to personal values, individuals can find greater satisfaction and meaning in their lives. # Resources To deepen your understanding of Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia and his ethical philosophy, here are some recommended resources: 1. "Nicomachean Ethics" by Aristotle: This is Aristotle's seminal work on [[ethics]], where he extensively discusses eudaimonia, virtues, and the nature of the [[Value|good]] life. It's a foundational text for anyone interested in Aristotle's ethical philosophy. 2. "Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction" by Jonathan Barnes: This concise book provides an accessible introduction to Aristotle's life, works, and key ideas, including his ethical theories. 3. "The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle's Nicomachean [[Ethics]]" edited by Ronald Polansky: This collection of essays offers in-depth analysis and interpretation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, providing valuable insights into eudaimonia and other central concepts. 4. "The Virtues of Happiness: A Theory of the Good Life" by Julia Annas: Annas explores Aristotle's ethical framework and its relevance to contemporary debates about the nature of happiness and the good life. Her book offers a comprehensive overview of eudaimonia and its implications. 5. Online courses: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and Khan Academy often offer courses on philosophy that include modules on Aristotle and his ethical philosophy. These courses can provide structured learning experiences with lectures, readings, and discussions. 6. Academic journals and articles: Look for scholarly articles on Aristotle's ethics in philosophy journals such as The Philosophical Review, Ethics, or The Journal of the [[History]] of Philosophy. These sources can provide in-depth analysis and critiques of Aristotle's ideas on eudaimonia. By engaging with these resources, you'll gain a deeper understanding of Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia and its significance within his broader ethical philosophy. If you’re considering value as something intrinsically good in the Aristotelian sense, particularly in the context of a “good life” (eudaimonia), Aristotle might frame its opposite as something lacking in goodness, flourishing, or purpose. For Aristotle, the good life is about fulfilling one’s purpose and achieving virtue, so its opposite would be tied to the failure to do so. Possible Opposite Terms in Aristotle’s Context: 1. “Kakos” (κακός): • In ancient Greek, kakos means “[[Excessive|bad]]” or “evil” and was often used to describe something morally defective or lacking virtue. A kakos bios (bad life) would be the opposite of a kalos kai agathos (noble and good life). 2. “Aporia” (ἀπορία): • While literally meaning “without a way” or “perplexity,” Aristotle sometimes uses aporia to describe states of confusion or being stuck, which could metaphorically apply to a life devoid of value or direction. 3. “Ateleia” (ἀτέλεια): • Derived from telos (purpose or end), ateleia means “incompleteness” or “failure to achieve purpose.” Aristotle’s good life is one of achieving one’s telos, so a life of ateleia would be purposeless and unfulfilled. 4. “Ponia” (πονία): • Often translated as “toil” or “suffering,” it could signify a life consumed by struggle without virtue or purpose, which Aristotle would see as undesirable. Modern Reflection: In modern terms, the Aristotelian opposite of a good or valuable life might be: • A “worthless” or “unfulfilled” life. • A “vicious” life (vice as the opposite of virtue). • A life of “hedone” (ἡδονή, mere pleasure) without virtue, which Aristotle critiques as superficial and unworthy. Would you like a deeper explanation of eudaimonia or how Aristotle contrasts it with these states? `Concepts:` [[Philosophy]] `Knowledge Base:`